Hidden heart risks linked to gynaecological health
Women with common gynaecological conditions like endometriosis, polycystic ovarian syndrome, heavy periods or abnormal menstrual cycles may face an increased risk of heart disease and stroke, according to findings in a recent study by Nepean Hospital researchers and international collaborators.
Published in medical journal Heart, researchers looked at 28 international studies involving over 3 million women and discovered a significant association between non-malignant gynaecological diseases (NMGD) such as endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
When examining summary relative risk scores in the studies researchers noted that individuals who had an existing NMGD had a 28% increased risk of developing a heart or brain condition overall, a 41% higher risk of having a heart attack, and a 33% greater chance of experiencing a stroke.
The study also found that these risks were notably higher among women with endometriosis or PCOS.
Dr Faraz Pathan, a leading cardiologist at Nepean Hospital, and contributor to the study says while it is well known that cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death globally, the new data can help inform clinical practices to help ensure the long-term wellbeing and health of women.
“From our findings we can see that women with one or more non-malignant gynaecological diseases may benefit from a more comprehensive risk assessment strategy to help prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,” explains Faraz.
“If healthcare professionals are aware of this association, they can proactively counsel patients on risk-reducing behaviours and treatments. This could lead to the prevention or delayed onset of, or a reduction in the severity of, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease.”
While causality was not defined in the study, researchers suggest biological factors may play a leading role in associating gynaecological disorders with heart health.
Associate Professor George Condous, Consultant Gynaecologist for Nepean Hospital and a researcher on the study says changes in inflammation and hormones may be at play.
“One key possibility is systemic inflammation. Conditions like endometriosis and PCOS often involve chronic, low-grade inflammation throughout the body. This ongoing inflammation can damage blood vessels and contribute to the build-up of plaque, increasing the risk of heart attacks and strokes,” says George.
“Additionally, hormonal imbalances, particularly changes in estrogen levels, associated with these conditions may also play a role. Estrogen has protective effects on the cardiovascular system, and disruptions in its normal function could leave women more vulnerable to heart disease,” George continues.
While the research shows a link, it's crucial to understand that not all women with gynaecological conditions will develop heart disease. This latest research is a reminder that proactive health management, including regular check-ups and open communication with your doctor, can significantly contribute to staying healthy longer.
Full findings from the study have been published online at the Heart Journal website.