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Steel erection
Beams and girders
Erecting structural steel? This page is a guide on how to use beams and girders in steel erection.
Before lifting a beam
There are a few factors to check before lifting a beam. Here's what you should consider:
Weight
The mass (weight) of each beam or girder must be known.
Make sure that the crane is capable of lifting the beam to the required height. This means checking the crane load charts before lifting.
Slings
Make sure that the correct type and working load limit slings are used and correctly rig to the boom.
Tag lines
Attach tag lines to each end of the beam to control it during the lift, even when setting steel on multi-storey projects. Tag lines at either end will allow the receiving dogman / riggers to control the beam more easily.
During the beam lift
Lift the beam level unless it is intended to be canted. Take special care with UB’s or lattice beams or angles. The sharp edges of gussets can easily damage the rigging. Use shackles on the load where possible. There's more to consider when lifting a beam. Here's what you should be aware of:
Booming out
Boom radius is required to be reviewed prior to commencing lifting the beam into position, to not exceed the rated capacity of the crane.
Securing the beam
The end of a beam nearest to rigid steel must be fixed first, then if necessary adjust the steel at the other end.
Field bolted beams must be bolted on diagonally opposite sides to prevent the beam from rolling.
Working safely
Steel erection can involve working at height. Here are some guidelines to follow to make sure you stay safe:
Use proper spanners
Do not use shifting spanners for tightening bolts when working aloft. Use proper set or ring spanners (preferably the podger type) or cordless impact wrench (commonly called rattle guns).
Use tools on a restraining lanyard
Hand tools (like hammers) should have a restraining lanyard to stop them from being dropped from aloft.
Check working load limit (WLL)
The WLL must be stamped on all lifting gear, including:
- equalising beams
- shackles
- rings
- hooks.